Officially the Kingdom of Bahrain since February 2002, Bahrain is a country located on an archipelago of more than 30 islands in the Persian Gulf, right in the middle of important trade routes since ancient times. To the west is Saudi Arabia, a country to which it is connected by a 26 km bridge called the King Fahd Causeway. To the southeast is the Qatar Peninsula, a country from which it is separated by the Gulf of Bahrain and to which it is expected that in the not too distant future it will be connected by a bridge. Bahrain is believed to have been the cradle of the Dilmun civilization in ancient times. In later times the islands came to be ruled by the Persian empires of the Parthians and the Sassanians. Its inhabitants were among the first to convert to Islam, in 628 AD. C. After spending the entire Middle Ages under Arab rule, the Portuguese occupied the islands in 1521, but were expelled in 1602 by Shah Abbas the Great of the Safavid Empire. In 1783, the Bani Utbah tribe seized control of the islands from the Qajar dynasty, and they have been ruled by the Al Khalifa dynasty ever since. At the end of the 19th century, after several treaties were signed with the British, Bahrain became a protectorate of the United Kingdom, a situation that lasted until the European country withdrew from the region in the 1960s. In 1971, the country declared its independence, initially forming a state, and finally in 2002 Bahrain declared itself a kingdom. Today, Bahrain has a high level of human and economic development.

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